Iḍtirāb is when a narrator interchanges the names in a chain, he sometimes narrates from person A and then sometimes he narrates from Person B (the same incident). This is iḍtirāb of the chain, there is also idhtirāb of the matn (text).
There is a lot of variance in the statement of the scholars on its exact definition but it can be summarized as below.
Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajr said,“If by changing the name of a narrator a trustworthy narrator is opposed, and none of them can be given precedence over the other, then such a ḥadīth is muḍhtarib.” [Nazhah al-Naẓar [p.81].
See also
Tawḍhīh al-Afkār [1:221]
Muqaddimah Ibn as-Ṣalāḥ [p.73]
Ikhtiṣār Ulūm al-Ḥadīth [p.54]
al-Iqtaraḥ [pp.219-222]
al-Muqnʿa [1:221-226]
al-Bāʿith al-Ḥathīth [1:221]
Taqayyid waʾl-Ayḍah [p.124]
Fatḥ al-Mugīth [1:237]
Tadrīb ar-Rāwī [1:308]
al-Nukt [2:772-802]
Qafū al-Athar [p.77]
Bulgatul-Hathīth Ila ʿIlmal-Ḥadīth [p.26]
What is Idtirab in Hadith Terminology
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